What an amazing explanation of the digital logic used to make things happen on the C64. It really is a lesson that can be used for integrated circuits as a whole (in my opinion). Computers understand two things; voltage and the lack of voltage. Yes, analog exists, but not for the sake of processing without software to make decisions based on such things. I really enjoyed this. Thanks for the killer content.

Loved seeing you trace through the schematics of the C64. Fascinating!

The schematic and all of the documentation was available back then too. The Programmer's Guide contained an exhaustive description of the chip registers and KERNAL functions. The Internet had nothing to do with it becoming available.

You just filled in a huge info gap for me! Thanks. More like this please

This is a really good explanation. I repair arcade game hardware which works almost identically. Modern systems aren't too different you just write to abstracted hardware through libraries but under the hood an enable line is set and data passes along a bus.

In 1990 we built a Eprom burner out of a Vic-20 to burn the chips from nintendo nes carts to blank chips.. Love all things commodore

Man this was great. I've been scratching my head over how memory mapping was actually implemented. I've seen other vids on the subject but never had that 'aha' moment.

oof, this is the first watch i've given it so far, and i feel like i am going to need many more to understand it, but i thoroughly enjoy this approach. thank you ever so much for this awesome tutorial!

flashback to when programers were programers and coders were secret agents.

Fantastically clear explanation of how memory-mapped peripherals work! Awesome!

Damn, I'll have to learn so much

THE RETRO PROGRAMMER, If the RAM range is 2000- 23FF. How do I compute the RAM's range like how can I manually compute and get that 2000-23FF hexadecimal numbers?